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Frozen Foods: Ice Cream, Frozen Meals, Sorbets: Citri-Fi Citrus Fiber Binds Water, Freeze/thaw Stability and Reduces Ice Crystal Formation
February 29, 2024
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Dairy, Frozen Foods

Frozen Desserts: Smoothing Out the Texture

Frozen desserts, like ice cream, tend to fall victim of ice crystals during handling and storage due to temperature fluctuations. Stabilizers bind the water, however, they have their own limitations. Citri-Fi® citrus fiber, when used at less that 1%, minimizes the ice crystals to create a smooth texture while cleaning up food labels.

It is one of the many nostalgic memories that many Earth dwellers have had since childhood – eating ice cream. And if you reside in the USA, you most likely recall the infamous Baskin-Robbins 31 Flavors ice cream shop. This frozen dessert joint sold a flavor for every day of the month. But ironically, many lickers defaulted to their favorite flavor or flavors if given the choice. Today, ice cream not only comes in different flavors but also bases too. Originally, milk was the starting base. However, frozen desserts now can be churned using plant-based milks like oat, almond, coconut and cashew.

The Scoop on Ice Cream Challenges

Making ice cream appears effortless as long as one has an ice cream maker. But when produced on a large scale and distributed across miles of land, frozen desserts are subjected to fluctuating temperatures or heat shock. As a result, ice crystals tend to grow reducing the smooth and creamy texture. Many factors play into preventing water migration during handling and storage including the formulation components, fat level, total solids and overrun.

Ice cream producers rely on stabilizers to bind the water during the quick freeze to minimize ice crystals. The water remains bound during temperature changes preventing ice crystals from forming. However, stabilizers like locust bean gum and guar gum have their limitations. For instance, ice cream stabilizers may be optimal for milk-based ice creams, but they may fall short in dairy-free formats. Many plant-based frozen desserts tend to have a short shelf-life. The longer the time in freezer storage increases the risk of a gummy and chewy texture when using foods gums. Moreover, many food gums fall suspect when found on food labels.

Clean, Smooth and Creamy Ice Cream

One natural solution available includes citrus fiber which locks up the water to create the silky texture. Citri-Fi citrus fiber is produced from byproduct of the citrus juicing industry. This natural food ingredient uses a process free from chemical modifications unlike similar ingredients in the marketplace. At the same time, not all citrus fibers are created the same. Others are byproduct of the pectin extraction which typically use solvents and other chemicals to isolate the fiber. Because of this process, some of these byproducts lack the functionality due to the low levels of intact pectin. As a result, some producers add the pectin back in to enhance the functionality. Alternatively, Citri-Fi citrus fiber is wholistic and contains native intact pectin like Mother Nature intended.

At less than 1% usage level, Citri-Fi provides the water holding and emulsification properties needed to prevent ice crystals from forming over time. Citri-Fi citrus fiber improves the texture, stability and nutrition of both animal-based dairy and plant-based dairy desserts. For example, this citrus fiber works in a variety of non-dairy bases such as almond, oat, rice and coconut plant milks.

In addition to the texture improvement, the Citri-Fi citrus fiber line also cleans up frozen dessert food labeling. This is key in both animal and plant-based ice cream markets. Many brands are going back to ice cream basics listing less than five ingredients. And clean label continues to be a hot trend in plant-based foods including non-dairy desserts. Citri-Fi’s labeling options include citrus fiber, dried citrus pulp or citrus flour which resonate well in the clean label markets. Also, the USDA certified organic Citri-Fi 400 series is now available.

For more information about using citrus fiber in frozen desserts, please contact Fiberstar.

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Citri-Fi Citrus Fiber is a clean label starch replacement
April 29, 2022
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Bakery, Dairy, Dressings, Soups & Sauces, Frozen Foods, Processed Meats

Starch Replacement in Formulations: Ironing out the Options

Supply chain hiccups are disrupting the availability of food ingredients like modified starches. As a result, starch replacement in formulations is a recent request in the industry. Modified starches provide multiple benefits including thickening, viscosity, gelling, binding and emulsification. At the same time, Citri-Fi® citrus offers similar functionalities due to it natural upcycled fibrous composition. As a result, this citrus fiber can be used to extend or replace some modified and clean label starches.

Food starch is one of the most common food ingredients used today. For instance, consumers sprinkle food starches into their home recipes to create thick and creamy soups. And the food industry uses it as a workhorse ingredient in almost every food product around the globe. Many of the common botanical starch sources include corn, wheat and rice. They all provide multiple functionalities including thickening, viscosity, gelling, binding and emulsification depending on the botanical source and modification. In the hydrocolloid world, they are the champions of water management. As a result, they create high quality processed foods such as yogurts, salad dressings and frozen appetizers. Currently, multiple hiccups within the supply chain disrupted the availability of certain food ingredients. This includes modified starches. As a result, starch replacement in formulations or extension strategies remain on the top of many companies’ minds.

However, challenges arise when extending or replacing modified starches. Modified starches sustain harsh food processing, storage and handling conditions. Without modified starch, sauces would separate out over time. Some yogurts would fall off the spoon in a watery mess. And frozen products would form ice crystals affecting the food texture during reconstitution.

Some potential starch substitutes on the market consist of blends containing gums, alginates, plant fibers and emulsifiers. However, choosing the optimal replacement or extension highly depends on the starch’s original contribution to the food formulation. For example, was the starch used to create viscosity in heated and low pH conditions? Or was it to provide emulsion stability as well? Not one size fits all when replacing starch in a formulation.

Comparing Natural Citrus Fiber to Starches

One natural solution which provides multiple functionalities is Citri-Fi citrus fiber. This citrus fiber holds significant amounts of water and provides emulsification properties stemmed from its natural upcycled composition. At low usage levels (<1%), this plant fiber improves stability, texture and nutrition in a variety of food products ranging from bakery to sauces. Because of this, Citri-Fi and modified starches share parallels. For example, Citri-Fi provides cold viscosity, water holding, emulsification and gelation under certain parameters. This natural ingredient also stabilizes food in low pH, heat, freeze/thaw and shear conditions similar to modified starches.

Yet, some of the key beneficial attributes include its water capacity and emulsion stability. Citri-Fi holds 9 to 10 times its weight in water and three (3) times its weight in oil. Its natural functionality creates its stability unlike modified starches which need chemical modifications to do the same. Citri-Fi also contributes dietary fiber which helps improve food nutritional profiles. Lastly, Citri-Fi has no E-number unlike starches.

Formulating with Citri-Fi Citrus Fiber

With starch replacement in formulations, product developers need to understand two key factors. First, they need to identify the targeted functionality within the food application that the starch is delivering. Second, they need to outline the processing conditions. With these two pieces of information, the Fiberstar technical team can recommend the best citrus fiber for the application.

One of the important considerations when replacing starch in formulations is the incorporation method in the process and the proper hydration time to activate Citri-Fi’s functionality. In some cases, adjusting the usage level or using a different particle size may be more successful.

Creating Additional Viscosity

There are a few options when creating viscosity. First, as mentioned, shear opens up the fiber to create additional viscosity. Because of this, homogenization will open up the citrus fiber to expose more surface area where the water attaches. If homogenization is not an option, then trying either Citri-Fi 200 or 300 series may be a suitable solution. The 200 series is citrus fiber co-processed with guar gum and the 300 with xanthan gum.

Creating Gelled Textures

Because Citri- Fi contains high levels of intact native pectin, this natural ingredient can provide gelling at low pH and high Brix similar to isolated pectin. Most popular products are the 100FG and the 100M40 used at 1-2%. The gelling properties benefit applications such as fruit preparations like bake stable fillings.

Creating Emulsification

Binding oil and water is another key feature of Citri-Fi citrus fiber. Citri-Fi can bind up three (3) times its weight in oil making it an efficient emulsifier. To incorporate, the citrus fiber is typically added uniformly into the oil first before hydration to create a stable emulsion. However, Citri-Fi can also be added to the dry ingredients first before the hydration and oil step.

As a recap, Citri-Fi is a clean label solution that provides similar functionalities as modified starches. Therefore, starch replacement in formulations is possible. Some of these benefits include cold viscosity, heat, pH and freeze/thaw and shear stability and gelling. Citri-Fi's typical usage level (< 1%) may provide cost-in-use savings. Besides the functional benefits, Citri-Fi does contribute dietary fiber. And this natural ingredient is non-GMO Project certified, non-allergenic and gluten-free. Additionally, Citri-Fi has no E-number unlike modified starches so it is preferred in regions like Europe.

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Frozen Foods: Ice Cream, Frozen Meals, Sorbets: Citri-Fi Citrus Fiber Binds Water, Freeze/thaw Stability and Reduces Ice Crystal Formation
March 4, 2022
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Frozen Foods

Ice Cream Stabilizers: Churning with Substitutes

Hydrocolloid supply is tight which is causing product developers to seek out alternatives for ice cream stabilizers. Citri-Fi® citrus fiber binds water and provides emulsification which makes it ideal for freeze/thaw proned foods like ice creams. At low usage levels (<1%), this natural ingredient creates smooth and creamy textures in both dairy-based and vegan ice creams.

Hydrocolloids are so dramatic! Their procurement story endures twists and turns caused by numerous factors. For instance, if farmers are spared from adverse weather conditions, then geopolitical instability may exist. If regions are in harmony, then logistics face shortfalls. These dramatic wrenches disrupted the food ingredient supply chain today which includes hydrocolloids. Because of the hydrocolloid supply constraint, frozen food developers are seeking substitutes for ice cream stabilizers.

Hydrocolloids such as starches, gums, and alginates are the backbone in many formulations. Depending on the type, they can provide stabilization, gelation and other effects when used in food and beverages. In ice cream, they manage water and ice migration. And when used with other hydrocolloids, they become optimal stabilizers. Common hydrocolloid gums include guar, locust bean, tara and cellulose gum. Because of their water holding nature, they preserve the smooth texture when ice cream moves thru freeze/thaw cycles typically occurring during transport, handling and storage.

However, due to the clean label movement, several hydrocolloids fell out of favor with consumers. Product developers began looking for natural stabilizers for ice cream. Yet, like many natural ingredients, they come with limitations. If water is not bound and managed, ice crystals form to create a sandy mouthfeel. And if the stabilizer blend is not optimized, certain hydrocolloidal gums tend to produce a gummy or chewy texture. Now, with the supply chains issues, seeking out natural ice cream stabilizers became even more challenging.

Natural Ice Cream Stabilizer Substitutes that Performs

Though product developers gravitate to typical ice cream stabilizer systems peddled by a handful of companies, the market offers ice cream stabilizer substitutes such as Citri-Fi citrus fiber. This natural citrus fiber has high surface area which binds large amounts of water. And due to its high amount of native intact pectin, this food ingredient binds oil and water like a natural emulsifier. Similar to hydrocolloidal gums, this citrus fiber performs at low usage levels (<1%).

In addition to dairy-based ice creams, Citri-Fi provides similar benefits similar to a vegan ice cream stabilizer. Yet at the same time, it is a natural food ingredient since its composition is intact as nature intended. Many ice creams using bases like rice, cashew, soy or coconut tend to crystallize. The little ice crystals create a sandy mouthfeel like you are chewing glass. However, Citri-Fi citrus fiber binds up the water to prevent mobility. The dairy-free ice cream texture remains smooth and creamy over time.

Because of the dual functionality, Citri-Fi can replace ice cream stabilizers like hydrocolloidal gums and emulsifiers in both dairy-based and vegan ice creams. Since this natural ingredient is procured from byproduct of the juicing industry and processed in the USA, there are no availability issues. Labeling options include citrus fiber, dried citrus pulp or citrus flour which resonate well in the natural and clean label markets. Citri-Fi is non-GMO Project certified and allergen-free. This natural citrus fiber also has no e-number.

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Frozen Foods: Ice Cream, Frozen Meals, Sorbets: Citri-Fi Citrus Fiber Binds Water, Freeze/thaw Stability and Reduces Ice Crystal Formation
June 16, 2021
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Frozen Foods

Vegan Ice Cream: The Smooth Freeze

The plant-based foods category is exploding with product launches. Some of these include plant-based or vegan ice creams and frozen novelties. However, creating these products come with challenges including ice crystal formation which negatively impacts texture and mouthfeel. One natural ingredient, Citri-Fi® citrus fiber binds the water to prevent migration. As a result, ice creams whether they are vegan, plant-based or dairy-free remain creamy and smooth during freeze/thaw cycles.

Plant-based foods continues to be a hot category as a result of the increase in new product launches. This is due to the advancements in procuring a variety of raw materials and creating new processing technologies. In addition, the escalating demand for plant-based products globally drives this growing trend as well. According to statistics cited on the Plant-based Food Association (PBFA) web page, plant-based foods grew by 27% in 2020 to reach a whopping $7B in the U.S.  

The plant-based dairy segment leads this category reaching $2.5B in 2020 with an average growth of around 20% compared to the previous year according to the PBFA. And this segment includes products like ice cream and frozen novelties which also grew by 20% and generated about $435M in sales. For many manufacturers, this is the tip of the iceberg. For instance, this segment will grow exponentially as the demand for foods free from animals and their byproducts continues to boom. 

Vegan Ice Cream Challenges

However, creating plant-based frozen desserts has its own set of challenges. For example, these products come in a variety of bases including almond milk, coconut milk, cashew milk, and oat milk to name a few. Many of these bases contain low protein and fat which typically helps bind water molecules during the freezing process. Because of this, ice crystals form which create a grainy or sandy mouthfeel in the finished product.   

Some solutions include adding proteins, food gums and other hydrocolloids to bind the water during the freezing process. At the same time, many of these ingredients lack freeze/thaw stablility during handling and storage. As a result, water eventually migrates out of the food matrix, causing not only ice crystal formation, but also a gummy texture depending on the stabilizing agent used.  

Natural, Creamy and Smooth Texture

One natural ingredient that remains amiss to formulators is citrus fiber. Yet not all citrus fibers are created the same. Citri-Fi, a highly functional citrus fiber created from byproduct of the citrus juicing process continues to be an ideal fit for this food application. The physical process creates the high surface area and emulsification properties that frozen desserts need. This high surface area in combination with the high pectin binds water and minimizes ice crystal formation during the freeze/thaw process. As a result, the frozen dessert provides a smooth and creamy mouthfeel without the gumminess over time.   

Citri-Fi is typically used between 0.25% to 1.50%. There are several incorporation methods available. Typically, Citri-Fi is mixed with the dry ingredients first before being added to the aqueous phase. However, adding Citri-Fi to glucose syrups first also gives formulators another option. And if Citri-Fi needs to be added to water first, it is recommended to add with strong agitation to prevent fisheyes from forming.   

Another key trend includes upcycled or sustainable food ingredients. Citri-Fi citrus fiber checks off those boxes when it comes to a sustainable story from farm to fork. This natural citrus fiber is non-GMO Project Certified, gluten-free and allergen-free. Citri-Fi's labeling options include citrus fiber, dried citrus pulp or citrus flour which resonate well in the clean label markets. As a result, this natural citrus fiber benefits a variety of products such as plant-based, vegan or dairy-free ice creams and frozen novelties.   

Looking into the Crystal Ball

As for future trends, new innovations will emerge within the plant-based ice cream arena. For instance, fermentation and other biological processes now create new proteins without involving an animal. Some vegan ice creams will be produced with new and novel plant-based milk bases. On the other hand, other products will focus on simple formulations to maintain a clean image. Regardless, Citri-Fi is an ideal solution to minimize ice crystal formation in any of these innovative technologies coming down the pipeline.  

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Frozen Foods: Ice Cream, Frozen Meals, Sorbets: Citri-Fi Citrus Fiber Binds Water, Freeze/thaw Stability and Reduces Ice Crystal Formation
June 2, 2020
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Frozen Foods

Natural Ice Cream using Citrus Fiber

Citri-Fi® citrus fiber provides water holding and emulsification properties that benefit natural ice cream. This ice cream ingredient replaces chemical emulsifiers and stabilizers which shortens and cleans up food labeling. Moreover, Citri-Fi minimizes ice crystallization during storage. As a result, frozen desserts using citrus fiber maintain a smooth texture and full body. 

Ice cream is one of those foods that puts a smile on anyone's face around the world. Since its invention, this frozen dessert turned into many shapes, forms, flavors and textures. And thru the years, mass production, storage and shipping allowed many smiling faces around the world to enjoy this treat. However, today, consumers in some parts check labels before dipping the spoon. As a result, ice cream manufacturers gravitate toward clean label ingredients to create more natural ice creams. Yet, is this possible if chemical emulsifiers and stabilizers were originally used to create ice cream more tolerable to transport, handling and storage conditions?

Citri-Fi Citrus Fiber in Natural Ice Cream 

To clean up food labeling declarations, manufacturers seek out natural ice cream ingredients that provide functionality. For instance, Citri-Fi citrus fiber provides high water holding and emulsification properties that create high quality frozen desserts like ice cream. As a matter of fact, this natural citrus fiber creates clean label ice creams by replacing chemical emulsifiers and/or stabilizers. Because of this, labeling contains a shorter and simpler statement. At low usage levels (0.3% to 1.0%), Citri-Fi 100M40 is easily added to the dry ingredients and mixed first.

Other Key Benefits in Natural Frozen Desserts

Citri-Fi also controls the ice crystal growth to prevent grainy textures. As a result, during storage, the ice cream maintains the full body and creamy mouthfeel without the ice crystals. Because of the freeze/thaw stability, this natural ice cream ingredient creates high quality frozen products over shelf life. In addition, depending on some formulations, Citri-Fi also reduces melt time.

Lastly, Citri-Fi also performs well in dairy-free ice creams or vegan frozen desserts. Since this natural citrus fiber binds water to control water migration, Citri-Fi maintains the smooth texture of dairy-free ice creams over storage time.

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